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| From the 16th Century till date, chemical research teams have used glass containers for a very basic reason - glass is transparent, thereby making the contents and the reactions clearly visible. However, owing to the fact that chemists must heat, cool and mix chemical substances, ordinary glass is not always adequate for laboratory work. |
| Laboratory work requires that the apparatus for handling chemicals/media offer maximum inertness when in contact with the widest range of chemical substances. Moreover such apparatus needs to withstand thermal shock without fracture, high temperatures without deformity and mechanical shocks from daily washing and sterilization. |
| BOROSIL ® is the trade name of such a glass. Items made under the trade name BOROSIL ® represent optimum thermal, chemical and mechanical behavior. This glass is used in laboratories as well as for industrial applications where maximum thermal, chemical and mechanical resistance is required. |
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 Chemical composition |
| Thermal Properties |
| Chemical Durability |
| Fabricating |
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| Process System Units and Components |
| BOROSIL® has been melting low expansion borosilicate glass for the last 40 years and thus has the basic ability of melting and forming borosilicate glass. Its expertise offers the Indian Industry many indigenous products that are comparable to the best in the world. The company's capabilities in Process System Units and Components are oriented towards serving chemical, pharmaceutical and allied industries. The range covers more than 750 standard items. |
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| Range of Process System Units and Components |
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| HEAT EXCHANGERS |
| The overall heat transfer coefficient of BOROSIL® Borosilicate glass equipments compare favorably with many alternative
materials. This is because the smooth surface of the glass improves the film coefficient and reduces the tendency for fouling.
Two basic types of heat exchangers are available -- Coil Type and Shell and Tube type.
Glass Coil Type heat exchangers, available as condensers, boilers and immersion type units, are performance-proven over
2 service periods exceeding 30 years and are now available with heat transfer areas up to 2.5 m2 . There are no internal sealing
problems as the coil battery is welded into the jacket making it a one-piece unit.
Heat exchangers are available in a variety of nominal bores and are totally compatible with
other glass process plants and pipeline components.
DN refers to nominal bore. Unless otherwise stated, dimensions are given in millimeters.
Figures given for maximum working pressures represent pressure above atmospheric.
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MAXIMUM WORKING PRESSURES AND TEMPERATURES FOR
GLASS COIL TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS
Unless otherwise stated in the individual sections, the maximum working pressures and
temperatures for glass coil type heat exchangers are indicated below : |
DN |
Bar g |
80 |
3.0 |
100 |
2.0 |
150 |
2.0 |
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All standard heat exchangers can be operated under full vacuum conditions except where indicated differently. 0 Maximum operating temperature : 200 C 0 Maximum differential temperature across the coils : 120 C |
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| VALVES |
| Valves are an essential part of any process plant or pipeline arrangement, being used for a wide range of applications - from
the relatively simple control and regulation of flow to more complicated distribution of gases into liquids. As a consequence, a
wide variety of valves are available. All valves have BOROSIL® Borosilicate glass bodies. Thus, operation of the valve can be checked visually. In almost all cases,
only glass or PTFE come into contact with the process fluid and, therefore, maximum resistance to corrosion is assured.
All valves are suitable for operation under full vacuum conditions and pressure
ratings at ambient temperatures are indicated in the tables applicable to each
type of valve.
0 The maximum operating temperature is 200 C. Maximum operating pressure is
the same as of the pipeline component of same DN. But temperature above
0 0 ambient, particularly in the range from 120 C to 200 C, impose restrictions on
the permissible operating pressure. In case of doubt, our Technical Services
Department should be consulted.
Thus maximum interchangeability of compatible components is assured. For
0 example, angle valves can be interchanged with 90 bends, equal tee pieces
and equal crosses etc.
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| STRAIGHT THROUGH VALVES |
DN (mm) |
L(mm) |
L1 (mm) |
H (mm) |
Bar g |
Cat Ref |
15 |
125 |
100 |
90 |
3 |
PV 07 |
25 |
175 |
190 |
160 |
3 |
PV 1 |
40 |
225 |
245 |
190 |
3 |
PV 1.5 |
50 |
300 |
275 |
195 |
2 |
PV 2 |
80 |
375 |
400 |
30 |
1.5 |
PV 3 |
100 |
575 |
580 |
400 |
1 |
PV 4 |
150 |
600 |
725 |
50 |
1 |
PV 6 |
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PIPELINE COMPONENTS |
| BOROSIL® Borosilicate glass pipeline components offer many distinct advantages
when used for applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical, food/drink and allied
industries.
The transparency permits constant visual monitoring of the processes involved.
Flow patterns, colour changes and other phenomena can be closely observed
and noted.
Being inert, the risk of contamination is negligible and no unwanted flavours /
colours are imparted to the products in contact.
Smooth surfaces allow easy cleaning and sterilisation.
With almost universal resistance to corrosion, long life is guaranteed and
maintenance can be kept to a bare minimum.
DN refers to the nominal bore. Unless otherwise stated, dimensions are given in
millimeters. Figures given for maximum working pressures represent pressures
above atmospheric.
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Maximum working pressures for glass pipeline |
DN |
Bar g |
15 |
4.0 |
25 |
4.0 |
40 |
4.0 |
50 |
4.0 |
80 |
3.0 |
100 |
2.0 |
150 |
2.0 |
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| All standard pipeline components can be operated under full vacuum conditions.
0 Maximum recommended operating temperature (with PTFE gaskets): 200 C
Pipeline components include Pipe Sections, Reducers, Bend Reducers,
Pipe Bends with different degree of inclination, Pipe Bends with thermometer
Branch, U-Bends, U-Bends with Bottom outlet, Cross pieces, Equal Tee pieces,
Y pieces, Closures & Hose connecters etc.
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| VESSELS |
| Vessels are an integral part of most process plants being used as reactors, reboilers, receivers, separators and measuring
or feed vessels.
Vessels are available in two basic types - spherical and cylindrical with capacities ranging from 5 L to 200 L. Cylindrical
vessels can also be jacketed.
The majority of these vessels have a DN 40 bottom outlet. For applications where it is desirable to avoid accumulation of
solids in this outlet, the vessel can be fitted with a sealed-in glass seat for flush bottom valve. This increases the overall
length of the bottom outlet by 45 mm.
When spherical vessels are used as reactors or reboilers, the central top neck is generally used for a column or stirrer. The
0 side necks on all standard vessels are 25,40 or 100mm in nominal bore, DN 25 and DN 40 being at 10 to the vertical and
0 DN 100 at 45 . The smaller side necks are used for such components as thermometer pockets, resistance thermometers or
feed pipes. The DN 100 necks are used for charging solids or for the connection of vapour pipes when the top neck is used
for stirrer.
Spherical vessels are commonly used not only as simple receivers
and feed vessels but also as reaction vessels and circulatory
evaporators. The vessels can be used under full vacuum and the table
below gives the maximum working pressure for different capacities of
vessels
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| Capacity |
Litres |
5 |
10 |
20 |
50 |
100 |
200 |
| Diameter |
mm |
220 |
279 |
348 |
473 |
610 |
760 |
| Centre Neck (DN) |
mm |
40 |
40 |
80 |
100 |
150 |
225 |
| Max. Pressure |
Bar g |
1 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
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| Although spherical vessels of 5 L and 10 L can generally be supported
by their top neck, it is also recommended that spherical vessels be
supported from the bottom by using a heating mantle, oil bath, vessel
holder etc. |
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| CYLINDRICAL VESSELS |
| Cylindrical vessels can be used for a wide variety of purposes, such as
reaction vessels, separator vessels, receivers or feed vessels.
Vessels with DN 40 bottom outlet can be supplied with a sealed-in seat
for bottom outlet valve, long bottom outlet and / or side branch to
special order.
Note: The upper flange can generally support cylindrical vessels up to
a capacity of 50 litres. Vessels of 100 litres capacity and above must
be supported from below in a vessel support.
Working capacity
DN |
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Capacity (Ltr.) |
DN (mm) |
DN1 (mm) |
L (mm) |
L1 (mm) |
Cat Ref |
5 |
150 |
25 |
460 |
60 |
VZ 5/6 |
10 |
150 |
25 |
720 |
60 |
VZ 10/ 6 |
20 |
225 |
25 |
750 |
60 |
VZ 20/9 |
30 |
300 |
40 |
635 |
65 |
VZ 30/12 |
50 |
300 |
40 |
915 |
65 |
VZ 50/12 |
100 |
450 |
40 |
890 |
65 |
VZ 100/450 |
150 |
450 |
40 |
1195 |
65 |
VZ 150/450 |
200 |
450 |
40 |
1500 |
65 |
VZ 200/450 |
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